تحميل الفيلم الوثائقي السم من سلسلة خلق ليفترس الوثائقية

السموم:
في علم الأحياء عبارة عن مواد كيميائية لها المقدرة على إحداث الأذى والضرر، أو التوعك، أو الموت للمتعضيات عندما تمتص جرعة كافية منه. ينشأ الأثر السمي عادة عن طريق تفاعل كيميائي يحدث إما عن طريق الاستقلاب أو التلامس وذلك على المستوى الجزيئي.

يسمى العلم الذي يبحث حول تركيب السموم وآثارها وطرق المعالجة منها بعلم السموم، والمادة التي تملك خواص سمية توصف بأنها سامة.

تنقسم مصادر السم إلى قسمين رئيسيين وهما:

مصادر طبيعية ومصادر صناعية
 مصادر طبيعية

تنقسم المصادر الطبيعية بدورها إلى عدة أقسام من بينها

مصدر حيواني كسم الأفاعي والعقارب والعناكب والحشرات والحيوانات البحرية (أسماك،

مصدر نباتي نباتات تمتاز بالسمية مثل الداتورة، الشوكران، الحشيش... أو من نباتات صغيرة كالطحالب والفطريات.

مصدر معدني تمتاز أيضا بعض المعادن بالسمية كمعدن الزئبق، الزرنيخ، الرصاص، الكوبالت.

مصدر غازي كالأوزون.
مصادر صناعية

Poison:

This article is about the type of substance. For other uses, see Poison (disambiguation).
The EU's standard toxic symbol, as defined by Directive 67/548/EEC. The skull and crossbones has long been a standard symbol for poison.

In the context of biology, poisons are substances that can cause disturbances to organisms,[1] usually by chemical reaction or other activity on the molecular scale, when a sufficient quantity is absorbed by an organism. Legally and in hazardous chemical labeling, poisons are especially toxic substances; less toxic substances are labeled "harmful", "irritant", or not labeled at all.

In medicine (particularly veterinary) and in zoology, a poison is often distinguished from a toxin and a venom. Toxins are poisons produced via some biological function in nature, and venoms are usually defined as biological toxins that are injected by a bite or sting to cause their effect, while other poisons are generally defined as substances which are absorbed through epithelial linings such as the skin or gut.Some poisons are also toxins, usually referring to naturally produced substances, such as the bacterial proteins that cause tetanus and botulism. A distinction between the two terms is not always observed, even among scientists.

Animal toxins that are delivered subcutaneously (e.g. by sting or bite) are also called venom. In normal usage, a poisonous organism is one that is harmful to consume, but a venomous organism uses poison to defend itself while still alive. A single organism can be both venomous and poisonous.

The derivative forms "toxic" and "poisonous" are synonymous.

Within chemistry and physics, a poison is a substance that obstructs or inhibits a reaction, for example by binding to a catalyst. For an example, see nuclear poison.

Paracelsus, the father of toxicology, once wrote: "Everything is poison, there is poison in everything. Only the dose makes a thing not a poison." The term "poison" is often used colloquially to describe any harmful substance, particularly corrosive substances, carcinogens, mutagens, teratogens and harmful pollutants, and to exaggerate the dangers of chemicals. The legal definition of "poison" is stricter. A medical condition of poisoning can also be caused by substances that are not legally required to carry the label "poison".

تحميل الفيلم الوثائقي السم من سلسلة خلق ليفترس بحجم 190 ميجا

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